Sadaf Haque Afzal

• Afzal, Sadaf Haque; Skaare, Anne; Wigen, Tove Irene & Brusevold, Ingvild Johnsen (2024). Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation: Severity, caries and hypersensitivity. Journal of Dentistry. ISSN 0300-5712. 142. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104881.
• Afzal, Sadaf Haque; Wigen, Tove Irene; Skaare, Anne B & Brusevold, Ingvild Johnsen (2023). Molar–incisor hypomineralisation in Norwegian children: Prevalence and associated factors. European Journal of Oral Sciences. ISSN 0909-8836. 131(3). doi: 10.1111/eos.12930. Full text in Research Archive

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• Afzal, Sadaf Haque; Wigen, Tove Irene; Skaare, Anne B & Brusevold, Ingvild Johnsen (2023). Molar incisor hypomineralization in Norwegian children: Distribution, severity and hypersensitivity.
• Afzal, Sadaf Haque; Wigen, Tove Irene; Skaare, Anne B & Brusevold, Ingvild Johnsen (2022). Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Norwegian children: Prevalence and associated factors.
• Brusevold, Ingvild Johnsen; Wigen, Tove Irene; Afzal, Sadaf Haque & Skaare, Anne B (2021). Why do children have enamel defects? Aktuell Nordisk odontologi. ISSN 1902-3545. 46(1), p. 148–161. doi: 10.18261/. Show summary

  Enamel defects can be seen as localised or general discolorations due to qualitative defects or quantitative defects appearing as thin, missing, pitted or grooved enamel. Etiologic factors can be local or general, acquired or genetic. Local factors such as dental trauma in the primary dentition often give enamel defects in the permanent dentition. General factors such as illness during enamel formation, vitamin D deficiency and toxic substances can cause enamel defects. Mutations in enamel specific genes or other embryonic genes can influence enamel development. Even though many mechanisms and etiologic factors are well known, several MIH-type enamel defects cannot be explained. Therefore, these mechanisms are still under research.

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